The Twin Mountain Hatchery dates back to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal of the 1930s. After members of the Whitefield Fish and Game Club read about the creation of a hatchery in Chester County, Pennsylvania, they presented the idea (for a similar project in Twin Mountain) to the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.
As a result, the Twin Mountain Hatchery was initiated as a Works Progress Administration project in 1934.
The facility was built on this site because the springs forming Carroll Stream, which flows through the hatchery grounds, provide a continuous source of oxygen-rich water.